NaiveTitForTatNegotiator
- class negmas.sao.NaiveTitForTatNegotiator(*args, kindness=0.0, punish=False, initial_concession='min', rank_only=False, stochastic=False, **kwargs)[source]
Bases:
negmas.sao.negotiators.modular.mapneg.MAPNegotiator
Implements a naive tit-for-tat strategy that does not depend on the availability of an opponent model.
- Parameters
name – Negotiator name
preferences – negotiator preferences
ufun – negotiator ufun (overrides preferences)
parent – A controller
kindness – How ‘kind’ is the agent. A value of zero is standard tit-for-tat. Positive values makes the negotiator concede faster and negative values slower.
stochastic (bool) – If
True
, the offers will be randomized above the level determined by the current concession which in turn reflects the opponent’s concession.punish – If
True
the agent punish a partner who does not seem to conede by requiring higher utilitiesinitial_concession (float | Literal['min']) – How much should the agent concede in the beginning in terms of utility. Should be a number or the special string value ‘min’ for minimum concession
- Remarks:
This negotiator does not keep an opponent model. It thinks only in terms of changes in its own utility. If the opponent’s last offer was better for the negotiator compared with the one before it, it considers that the opponent has conceded by the difference. This means that it implicitly assumes a zero-sum situation.
Attributes Summary
- rtype
NegotiatorMechanismInterface | None
Agent capabilities
Returns the preferences if it is a CrispUtilityFunction else None
Does the entity has an associated ufun?
Does the entity has an associated ufun?
The unique ID of this entity
A convenient name of the entity (intended primarily for printing/logging/debugging).
- rtype
NegotiatorMechanismInterface | None
Returns the owner agent of the negotiator
Returns the parent controller
The utility function attached to that object
Returns the preferences if it is a ProbUtilityFunction else None
Reserved outcome is the outcome that will be realized by default for this agent.
Reserved value is what the entity gets if no agreement is reached in the negotiation.
- rtype
- rtype
Returns the preferences if it is a UtilityFunction else None
The unique ID of this entity
Methods Summary
add_capabilities
(capabilities)Adds named capabilities to the negotiator.
add_handler
(notification_type, callback)Adds a notification handler to the list of handlers of the given type.
before_death
(cntxt)Called whenever the parent is about to kill this negotiator.
cancel
([reason])A method that may be called by a mechanism to make the negotiator cancel whatever it is currently processing.
checkpoint
(path[, file_name, info, ...])Saves a checkpoint of the current object at the given path.
checkpoint_info
(file_name)Returns the information associated with a dump of the object saved in the given file
- rtype
counter
(state, offer)Called by the mechanism to counter the offer.
create
(*args, **kwargs)Creates an object and returns a proxy to it.
from_checkpoint
(file_name[, return_info])Creates an object from a saved checkpoint
generate_proposal
(state)- rtype
Outcome | None
generate_response
(state, offer)- rtype
handlers
(notification_type)Gets the list of handlers registered for some notification type.
insert_component
(component[, name, index, ...])Adds a component at the given index.
is_acceptable_as_agreement
(outcome)Whether the given outcome is acceptable as a final agreement of a negotiation.
isin
(negotiation_id)Is that agent participating in the given negotiation? Tests if the agent is participating in the given negotiation.
join
(nmi, state, *[, preferences, ufun, role])Called by the mechanism when the agent is about to enter a negotiation.
on_leave
(state)A call back called after leaving a negotiation.
on_mechanism_error
(state)A call back called whenever an error happens in the mechanism.
on_negotiation_end
(state)A call back called at each negotiation end
on_negotiation_start
(state)A call back called at each negotiation start
on_notification
(notification, notifier)Called whenever a notification is received
on_notification_
(notification, notifier)Called when a notification is received.
on_partner_ended
(partner)Called when a partner ends the negotiation.
on_partner_joined
(partner)Called when a partner joins the negotiation.
on_partner_left
(partner)Called when a partner leaves the negotiation.
on_partner_proposal
(state, partner_id, offer)A callback called by the mechanism when a partner proposes something
on_partner_refused_to_propose
(state, partner_id)A callback called by the mechanism when a partner refuses to propose
on_partner_response
(state, partner_id, ...)A callback called by the mechanism when a partner responds to some offer
on_preferences_changed
(changes)Called to inform the component that the ufun has changed and the kinds of change that happened.
on_round_end
(state)A call back called at each negotiation round end
on_round_start
(state)A call back called at each negotiation round start
propose
(state)Propose an offer or None to refuse.
propose_
(state)The method directly called by the mechanism (through
counter
) to ask for a proposalremove_capability
(name)Removes named capability from the negotiator
remove_component
(name)Removes the component with the given name
remove_component_at
(index)Removes the component at the givne index.
remove_handler
(notification_type, callback)Removes a notification handler from the list of handlers of the given type.
respond
(state, offer)Called to respond to an offer.
respond_
(state, offer)The method to be called directly by the mechanism (through
counter
) to respond to an offer.set_preferences
(value[, force])Sets tha utility function/Preferences.
spawn
([spawn_as, spawn_params])spawn_object
(*args, **kwargs)Attributes Documentation
- ami
- Return type
NegotiatorMechanismInterface | None
- crisp_ufun
Returns the preferences if it is a CrispUtilityFunction else None
- Return type
UtilityFunction | None
- id
The unique ID of this entity
- name
A convenient name of the entity (intended primarily for printing/logging/debugging).
- nmi
- Return type
NegotiatorMechanismInterface | None
- parent
Returns the parent controller
- Return type
Controller | None
- preferences
The utility function attached to that object
- Return type
Preferences | None
- prob_ufun
Returns the preferences if it is a ProbUtilityFunction else None
- Return type
ProbUtilityFunction | None
- reserved_outcome
Reserved outcome is the outcome that will be realized by default for this agent.
Remarks:
Reserved outcomes are defined for
OrdinalPreferences
.
See also
- Return type
Outcome | None
- reserved_value
Reserved value is what the entity gets if no agreement is reached in the negotiation.
The reserved value can either be explicity defined for the ufun or it can be the output of the ufun for
None
outcome.- Return type
- ufun
Returns the preferences if it is a UtilityFunction else None
- Return type
BaseUtilityFunction | None
- uuid
The unique ID of this entity
Methods Documentation
- add_capabilities(capabilities)
Adds named capabilities to the negotiator.
- Parameters
capabilities (
dict
) – The capabilities to be added as a dict- Return type
- Returns
None
- Remarks:
It is the responsibility of the caller to be really capable of added capabilities.
- add_handler(notification_type, callback)
Adds a notification handler to the list of handlers of the given type. These handlers will be called in the order in which they are received
- Parameters
notification_type (
str
) – Notification type as specificed in the type member of the Notification classcallback (
Callable
[[Notification
,str
],bool
]) – The callback which must receive a Notification object and a string and returns a boolean. If True is returned from one callback, the remaining callbacks will not be called
Returns:
- before_death(cntxt)
Called whenever the parent is about to kill this negotiator.
It should return False if the negotiator does not want to be killed but the controller can still force-kill it
- Return type
- cancel(reason=None)
A method that may be called by a mechanism to make the negotiator cancel whatever it is currently processing.
Negotiators can just ignore this message (default behavior) but if there is a way to actually cancel work, it should be implemented here to improve the responsiveness of the negotiator.
- Return type
- checkpoint(path, file_name=None, info=None, exist_ok=False, single_checkpoint=True, step_attribs=('current_step', '_current_step', '_Entity__current_step', '_step'))
Saves a checkpoint of the current object at the given path.
- Parameters
path (
PathLike
) – Full path to a directory to store the checkpointfile_name (
Optional
[str
]) – Name of the file to dump into. If not given, a unique name is createdinfo (
Optional
[dict
[str
,Any
]]) – Information to save with the checkpoint (must be json serializable)exist_ok (
bool
) – If true, override existing dumpsingle_checkpoint (
bool
) – If true, keep a single checkpoint for the last stepstep_attribs (
tuple
[str
,...
]) – Attributes to represent the time-step of the object. Any of the given attributes will be used in the file name generated if single_checkpoint is False. If single_checkpoint is True, the filename will not contain time-step information
- Return type
- Returns
full path to the file used to save the checkpoint
- classmethod checkpoint_info(file_name)
Returns the information associated with a dump of the object saved in the given file
- Parameters
file_name (Path | str) – Name of the object
Returns:
- components()
- Return type
- counter(state, offer)
Called by the mechanism to counter the offer. It just calls
respond_
andpropose_
as needed.- Parameters
- Returns
The response to the given offer with a counter offer if the response is REJECT
- Return type
Tuple[ResponseType, Outcome]
- classmethod create(*args, **kwargs)
Creates an object and returns a proxy to it.
- classmethod from_checkpoint(file_name, return_info=False)
Creates an object from a saved checkpoint
- Parameters
file_name (Path | str) –
return_info – If True, tbe information saved when the file was dumped are returned
- Return type
- Returns
Either the object or the object and dump-info as a dict (if return_info was true)
Remarks:
- If info is returned, it is guaranteed to have the following members:
time: Dump time
type: Type of the dumped object
id: ID
name: name
- generate_proposal(state)
- Return type
Outcome | None
- generate_response(state, offer)
- Return type
- handlers(notification_type)
Gets the list of handlers registered for some notification type. This list can be modified in place to change the order of handlers for example. It is NOT a copy.
- Return type
List
[Callable
[[Notification
,str
],bool
]]
- insert_component(component, name=None, index=- 1, override=False)
Adds a component at the given index. If a negative number is given, appends at the end
- Return type
None
- is_acceptable_as_agreement(outcome)
Whether the given outcome is acceptable as a final agreement of a negotiation.
The default behavior is to reject only if a reserved value is defined for the agent and is known to be higher than the utility of the outcome.
- Return type
- isin(negotiation_id)
Is that agent participating in the given negotiation? Tests if the agent is participating in the given negotiation.
- join(nmi, state, *, preferences=None, ufun=None, role='negotiator')
Called by the mechanism when the agent is about to enter a negotiation. It can prevent the agent from entering
- Parameters
nmi (AgentMechanismInterface) – The negotiation.
state (MechanismState) – The current state of the negotiation
preferences (Preferences) – The preferences used by the negotiator (see
ufun
)ufun (UtilityFunction) – The ufun function to use (overrides
preferences
)role (str) – role of the negotiator.
- Return type
- Returns
bool indicating whether or not the agent accepts to enter. If False is returned it will not enter the negotiation
Remarks:
Joining a neogiation will fail in the following conditions:
The negotiator already has preferences and is asked to join with new ones
The negotiator is already in a negotiation
- on_mechanism_error(state)
A call back called whenever an error happens in the mechanism. The error and its explanation are accessible in
state
- Return type
- on_notification(notification, notifier)
Called whenever a notification is received
- Parameters
notification (
Notification
) – The notificationnotifier (
str
) – The notifier entity
- Remarks:
The default implementation only responds to end_negotiation by ending the negotiation
- on_notification_(notification, notifier)
Called when a notification is received. Do NOT directly override this method
- Parameters
notification (
Notification
) –notifier (
str
) –
Returns:
- Return type
- on_partner_ended(partner)
Called when a partner ends the negotiation.
Note that the negotiator owning this component may never receive this offer. This is only receivd if the mechanism is sending notifications on every offer.
- on_partner_joined(partner)
Called when a partner joins the negotiation.
This is only receivd if the mechanism is sending notifications.
- on_partner_left(partner)
Called when a partner leaves the negotiation.
This is only receivd if the mechanism is sending notifications.
- on_partner_proposal(state, partner_id, offer)
A callback called by the mechanism when a partner proposes something
- Parameters
- Remarks:
Will only be called if
enable_callbacks
is set for the mechanism
- Return type
- on_partner_refused_to_propose(state, partner_id)
A callback called by the mechanism when a partner refuses to propose
- Parameters
- Remarks:
Will only be called if
enable_callbacks
is set for the mechanism
- Return type
- on_partner_response(state, partner_id, outcome, response)
A callback called by the mechanism when a partner responds to some offer
- Parameters
state (
SAOState
) –SAOState
giving the state of the negotiation when the partner responded.partner_id (
str
) – The ID of the agent who respondedoutcome (
tuple
) – The proposal being responded to.response (
ResponseType
) – The response
- Remarks:
Will only be called if
enable_callbacks
is set for the mechanism
- Return type
- on_preferences_changed(changes)
Called to inform the component that the ufun has changed and the kinds of change that happened.
- propose(state)
Propose an offer or None to refuse.
- Parameters
state (SAOState) –
SAOState
giving current state of the negotiation.- Return type
Outcome | None
- Returns
The outcome being proposed or None to refuse to propose
- Remarks:
This function guarantees that no agents can propose something with a utility value
- propose_(state)
The method directly called by the mechanism (through
counter
) to ask for a proposal- Parameters
state (SAOState) – The mechanism state
- Return type
Outcome | None
- Returns
An outcome to offer or None to refuse to offer
- Remarks:
Depending on the
SAOMechanism
settings, refusing to offer may be interpreted as ending the negotiationThe negotiator will only receive this call if it has the ‘propose’ capability.
- remove_capability(name)
Removes named capability from the negotiator
- Parameters
capabilities – The capabilities to be added as a dict
- Return type
- Returns
None
- Remarks:
It is the responsibility of the caller to be really capable of added capabilities.
- remove_handler(notification_type, callback)
Removes a notification handler from the list of handlers of the given type.
- Parameters
notification_type (
str
) – Notification type as specificed in the type member of the Notification classcallback (
Callable
[[Notification
,str
],bool
]) – The callback which must receive a Notification object and a string and returns a boolean. If True is returned from one callback, the remaining callbacks will not be called
- Return type
- Returns
Whether or not the handler was in the list of handlers for this type. In all cases, the handler will not be called after this call (either it was not there or it will be removed).
- respond(state, offer)
Called to respond to an offer. This is the method that should be overriden to provide an acceptance strategy.
- Parameters
- Returns
The response to the offer
- Return type
- Remarks:
The default implementation never ends the negotiation
The default implementation asks the negotiator to
propose`() and accepts the `offer
if its utility was at least as good as the offer that it would have proposed (and above the reserved value).
- respond_(state, offer)
The method to be called directly by the mechanism (through
counter
) to respond to an offer.- Parameters
- Returns
The response to the offer. Possible values are:
- NO_RESPONSE: refuse to offer. Depending on the mechanism settings this may be interpreted as ending
the negotiation.
ACCEPT_OFFER: Accepting the offer.
- REJECT_OFFER: Rejecting the offer. The negotiator will be given the chance to counter this
offer through a call of
propose_
later if this was not the last offer to be evaluated by the mechanism.
END_NEGOTIATION: End the negotiation
WAIT: Instructs the mechanism to wait for this negotiator more. It may lead to cycles so use with care.
- Return type
- Remarks:
The default implementation never ends the negotiation except if an earler end_negotiation notification is sent to the negotiator
The default implementation asks the negotiator to
propose`() and accepts the `offer
if its utility was at least as good as the offer that it would have proposed (and above the reserved value).
- set_preferences(value, force=False)
Sets tha utility function/Preferences.
- Parameters
value (Preferences) – The value to set to
force – If true,
on_preferecnes_changed()
will always be called even ifvalue
==self.preferences
- Return type
Preferences | None
- classmethod spawn(spawn_as='object', spawn_params=None, *args, **kwargs)
- classmethod spawn_object(*args, **kwargs)