World

class negmas.situated.World(bulletin_board=None, n_steps=10000, time_limit=3600, negotiation_speed=None, neg_n_steps=100, neg_time_limit=None, neg_step_time_limit=inf, shuffle_negotiations=True, negotiation_quota_per_step=9223372036854775807, negotiation_quota_per_simulation=9223372036854775807, default_signing_delay=1, force_signing=False, batch_signing=True, breach_processing=BreachProcessing.NONE, mechanisms=None, awi_type='negmas.situated.AgentWorldInterface', start_negotiations_immediately=False, log_folder=None, log_to_file=True, log_ufuns=False, log_negotiations=False, log_to_screen=False, log_stats_every=0, log_file_level=10, log_screen_level=40, no_logs=False, event_file_name='events.json', event_types=None, log_file_name='log.txt', save_signed_contracts=True, save_cancelled_contracts=True, save_negotiations=True, save_resolved_breaches=True, save_unresolved_breaches=True, saved_details_level=4, ignore_agent_exceptions=False, ignore_negotiation_exceptions=False, ignore_contract_execution_exceptions=False, ignore_simulation_exceptions=False, safe_stats_monitoring=False, construct_graphs=False, checkpoint_every=1, checkpoint_folder=None, checkpoint_filename=None, extra_checkpoint_info=None, single_checkpoint=True, exist_ok=True, operations=(Operations.StatsUpdate, Operations.Negotiations, Operations.ContractSigning, Operations.AgentSteps, Operations.ContractExecution, Operations.SimulationStep, Operations.ContractSigning, Operations.StatsUpdate), info=None, genius_port=25337, disable_agent_printing=False, debug=False, name=None, id=None)

Bases: EventSink, EventSource, ConfigReader, NamedObject, CheckpointMixin, Generic[TAWI, TAgent], ABC

Base world class encapsulating a world that runs a simulation with several agents interacting within some dynamically changing environment.

A world maintains its own session.

Parameters:

• * (* Checkpoints)

• name (str | None) – World Name

• bulletin_board (BulletinBoard | None) – A bulletin board object to use. If not given one will be created

• awi_type (str | type[TypeVar(TAWI, bound= AgentWorldInterface)]) – The type used for agent world interfaces (must descend from or behave like AgentWorldInterface )

• info (dict[str, Any] | None) – A dictionary of key-value pairs that is kept within the world but never used. It is useful for storing contextual information. For example, when running tournaments.

• *

• n_steps (int) – Total simulation time in steps

• time_limit (int | float | None) – Real-time limit on the simulation

• operations (list[Operations] | tuple[Operations, ...]) – A list of Operations to run in order during every simulation step

• *

• negotiation_speed (int | None) – The number of negotiation steps per simulation step. None means infinite

• neg_n_steps (int | None) – Maximum number of steps allowed for a negotiation.

• neg_step_time_limit (int | float | None) – Time limit for single step of the negotiation protocol.

• neg_time_limit (int | float | None) – Real-time limit on each single negotiation.

• shuffle_negotiations – Whether negotiations are shuffled everytime when stepped.

• negotiation_quota_per_step (int) – Number of negotiations an agent is allowed to start per step

• negotiation_quota_per_simulation (int) – Number of negotiations an agent is allowed to start in the simulation

• start_negotiations_immediately (bool) – If true negotiations start immediately when registered rather than waiting for the next step

• mechanisms (dict[str, dict[str, Any]] | None) – The mechanism types allowed in this world associated with each keyward arguments to be passed to it.

• *

• default_signing_delay – The default number of steps between contract conclusion and signing it. Only takes effect if force_signing is False

• force_signing – If true, agents are not asked to sign contracts. They are forced to do so. In this case, default_singing_delay is not effective and signature is immediate

• batch_signing – If true, contracts are signed in batches not individually

• *

• breach_processing – How to handle breaches. Can be any of BreachProcessing values

• *

• log_folder – Folder to save all logs

• log_to_file – If true, will log to a file

• log_file_name – Name of the log file

• log_file_level – The log-level to save to file (WARNING, ERROR, INFO, DEBUG, CRITICAL, …)

• log_ufuns – Log utility functions

• log_negotiations (bool) – Log all negotiation events

• log_to_screen (bool) – Whether to log to screen

• log_screen_level – The log-level to show on screen (WARNING, ERROR, INFO, DEBUG, CRITICAL, …)

• no_logs – If True, All logging will be disabled no matter what other options are given.

• log_stats_every (int) – If nonzero and positive, the period of saving stats

• construct_graphs (bool) – If true, information needed to draw graphs using draw method are kept.

• event_file_name – If not None, the file-name to store events into.

• event_types – Types of events to log

• *

• save_signed_contracts (bool) – Save all signed contracts

• save_cancelled_contracts (bool) – Save all cancelled contracts

• save_negotiations (bool) – Save all negotiation records

• save_resolved_breaches (bool) – Save all resolved breaches

• save_unresolved_breaches (bool) – Save all unresolved breaches

• saved_details_level (int) – The level of details to save agent info (>=1), simulation info (>=1), negotiation info (>=2), negotiator action info (>=3)

• *

• ignore_agent_exceptions (bool) – Ignore agent exceptions and keep running

• ignore_negotiation_exceptions (bool) – If true, all mechanism exceptions are ignored and the mechanism is aborted

• ignore_simulation_exceptions (bool) – Ignore simulation exceptions and keep running

• ignore_contract_execution_exceptions (bool) – Ignore contract execution exceptions and keep running

• safe_stats_monitoring (bool) – Never throw an exception for a failure to save stats or because of a Stats Monitor object

• *

• checkpoint_every (int) – The number of steps to checkpoint after. Set to <= 0 to disable

• checkpoint_folder (str | Path | None) – The folder to save checkpoints into. Set to None to disable

• checkpoint_filename (str | None) – The base filename to use for checkpoints (multiple checkpoints will be prefixed with step number).

• single_checkpoint (bool) – If true, only the most recent checkpoint will be saved.

• extra_checkpoint_info (dict[str, Any] | None) – Any extra information to save with the checkpoint in the corresponding json file as a dictionary with string keys

• exist_ok (bool) – IF true, checkpoints override existing checkpoints with the same filename.

• genius_port (int) – the port used to connect to Genius for all negotiators in this mechanism (0 means any).

Attributes Summary

agreement_fraction	Fraction of negotiations ending in agreement and leading to signed contracts
agreement_rate	Fraction of negotiations ending in agreement and leading to signed contracts
breach_fraction	Fraction of signed contracts that led to breaches
breach_level	The average breach level per contract
breach_rate	Fraction of signed contracts that led to breaches
business_size	The total business size defined as the total money transferred within the system
cancellation_fraction	Fraction of contracts concluded (through negotiation or otherwise) that were cancelled.
cancellation_rate	Fraction of contracts concluded (through negotiation or otherwise) that were cancelled.
cancelled_contracts
contract_dropping_fraction	Fraction of signed contracts that were never executed because they were signed to late to be executable
contract_err_fraction	Fraction of signed contracts that caused exception during their execution
contract_execution_fraction	Fraction of signed contracts successfully executed with no breaches, or errors
contract_nullification_fraction	Fraction of signed contracts were nullified by the system (e.g. due to bankruptcy).
current_step
erred_contracts
executed_contracts
id	The unique ID of this entity
log_folder
n_agent_exceptions	Returns a mapping from agent ID to the total number of exceptions it and its negotiators have raised
n_contract_exceptions	Returns a mapping from agent ID to the total number of exceptions it and its negotiators have raised
n_mechanism_exceptions	Returns a mapping from agent ID to the total number of exceptions it and its negotiators have raised
n_negotiation_rounds_failed	Average number of rounds in a successful negotiation
n_negotiation_rounds_successful	Average number of rounds in a successful negotiation
n_negotiator_exceptions	Returns a mapping from agent ID to the total number of exceptions its negotiators have raised
n_simulation_exceptions	Returns a mapping from agent ID to the total number of exceptions it and its negotiators have raised
n_total_agent_exceptions	Returns a mapping from agent ID to the total number of exceptions it and its negotiators have raised
n_total_simulation_exceptions	Returns the total number of exceptions per step that are not directly raised by agents or their negotiators.
name	A convenient name of the entity (intended primarily for printing/logging/debugging).
nullified_contracts
relative_time	Returns a number between 0 and 1 indicating elapsed relative time or steps.
remaining_steps	Returns the remaining number of steps until the end of the mechanism run.
remaining_time	Returns remaining time in seconds.
resolved_breaches
saved_breaches
saved_contracts
saved_negotiations
short_type_name
signed_contracts
stat_names	Returns names of all stats available
stats
time	Elapsed time since world started in seconds.
total_time	Returns total simulation time (till now) in mx
type_name
unresolved_breaches
uuid	The unique ID of this entity

Methods Summary

action_info_cols()	rtype: list[tuple[str, type]]
agreement_info_cols()	rtype: list[tuple[str, type]]
announce(event)	Raises an event and informs all event sinks that are registered for notifications on this event type
append_stats()
breach_record(breach)	Converts a breach to a record suitable for storage during the simulation
call(agent, method, *args, **kwargs)	Calls a method on an agent updating exeption count
checkpoint(path[, file_name, info, ...])	Saves a checkpoint of the current object at the given path.
checkpoint_final_step()	Should be called at the end of the simulation to save the final state
checkpoint_info(file_name)	Returns the information associated with a dump of the object saved in the given file
checkpoint_init([step_attrib, every, ...])	Initializes the object to automatically save a checkpoint
checkpoint_on_step_started()	Should be called on every step to save checkpoints as needed.
combine_stats(worlds, stat[, pertype, ...])	Combines statistics by the given combination method.
complete_contract_execution(contract, ...)	Called after breach resolution is completed for contracts for which some potential breaches occurred.
contract_record(contract)	Converts a contract to a record suitable for permanent storage
contract_size(contract)	Returns an estimation of the activity level associated with this contract.
create(*args, **kwargs)	Creates an object and returns a proxy to it.
delete_executed_contracts()	Called after processing executable contracts at every simulation step to delete processed contracts
draw([steps, what, who, where, together, ...])	Generates a graph showing some aspect of the simulation
executable_contracts()	Called at every time-step to get the contracts that are executable at this point of the simulation
execute_action(action, agent[, callback])	Executes the given action by the given agent
extra_agent_info(agent)	rtype: dict[str, Any]
extra_neg_info(info)	rtype: dict[str, Any]
extra_sim_step_info_post()	rtype: dict[str, Any]
extra_sim_step_info_pre()	rtype: dict[str, Any]
extract_action_info(action)	rtype: list[Any]
extract_agreement_info(agreement)	rtype: list[Any]
from_checkpoint(file_name[, return_info])	Creates an object from a saved checkpoint
from_config(config[, section, ...])	Creates an object of this class given the configuration info.
get_dropped_contracts()	Called at the end of every time-step to get a list of the contracts that are signed but will never be executed
get_private_state(agent)	Reads the private state of the given agent
graph([steps, what, who, together])	Generates a graph showing some aspect of the simulation
ignore_contract(contract[, as_dropped])	Ignores the contract as if it was never agreed upon or as if was dropped
is_basic_stat(s)	Checks whether a given statistic is agent specific.
is_valid_agreement(negotiation, agreement, ...)	Confirms that the agreement is valid given the world rules.
is_valid_contract(contract)	Confirms that the agreement is valid given the world rules.
join(x[, simulation_priority])	Add an agent to the world.
logdebug(s[, event])	logs debug-level information
logdebug_agent(aid, s[, event])	logs debug to the agent individual log
logerror(s[, event])	logs error-level information
logerror_agent(aid, s[, event])	logs information to the agent individual log
loginfo(s[, event])	logs info-level information
loginfo_agent(aid, s[, event])	logs information to the agent individual log
logwarning(s[, event])	logs warning-level information
logwarning_agent(aid, s[, event])	logs warning to the agent individual log
n_saved_contracts([ignore_no_issue])	Number of saved contracts
on_contract_cancelled(contract)	Called whenever a concluded contract is not signed (cancelled)
on_contract_concluded(contract, to_be_signed_at)	Called to add a contract to the existing set of unsigned contract after it is concluded
on_contract_processed(contract)	Called whenever a contract finished processing to be removed from unsigned contracts
on_contract_signed(contract)	Called to add a contract to the existing set of contract after it is signed
on_event(event, sender)	Received when an event is raised
on_exception(entity, e)	Called when an exception happens.
on_negotiation_end(info)
on_negotiation_processed(info, contract)	Called whenever a negotiation is ended after calling on_negotiation_failure_/on_negotiation_success_
on_negotiation_start(info)
on_negotiation_stepped(info)
order_contracts_for_execution(contracts)	Orders the contracts in a specific time-step that are about to be executed
plot_combined_stats(worlds, stats[, ...])	Plots combined statistics of multiple worlds in a single plot
plot_stats(stats[, pertype, use_sum, ...])	Plots statistics of the world in a single plot
post_step_stats()	Called at the end of the simulation step to update all stats
pre_step_stats()	Called at the beginning of the simulation step to prepare stats or update them
read_config(config[, section])	Reads the configuration from a file or a dict and prepares it for parsing.
register(x[, simulation_priority])	Registers an entity in the world so it can be looked up by name.
register_listener(event_type, listener)	Registers a listener for the given event_type.
register_stats_monitor(m)
register_world_monitor(m)
request_negotiation_about(req_id, caller, ...)	Requests to start a negotiation with some other agents
run()	Runs the simulation until it ends
run_negotiation(caller, issues, partners, ...)	Runs a negotiation until completion
run_negotiations(caller, issues, partners, ...)	Requests to run a set of negotiations simultaneously.
run_with_progress([callback])	Runs the simulation showing progress, with optional callback
save_config(file_name)	Saves the config of the world as a yaml file
save_gif([path, what, who, together, ...])	rtype: None
set_bulletin_board(bulletin_board)
set_id(id)	Sets the unique ID of this entity
simulation_step([stage])	A single step of the simulation.
spawn([spawn_as, spawn_params])
spawn_object(*args, **kwargs)
start_contract_execution(contract)	Tries to execute the contract
step([n_neg_steps, n_mechanisms, actions, ...])	A single simulation step.
type_name_for_logs(agent)	rtype: str | None
unregister_stats_monitor(m)
unregister_world_monitor(m)
update_stats(stage)	Called to update any custom stats that the world designer wants to keep

Attributes Documentation

agreement_fraction

Fraction of negotiations ending in agreement and leading to signed contracts

agreement_rate

Fraction of negotiations ending in agreement and leading to signed contracts

breach_fraction

Fraction of signed contracts that led to breaches

breach_level

The average breach level per contract

breach_rate

Fraction of signed contracts that led to breaches

business_size

The total business size defined as the total money transferred within the system

cancellation_fraction

Fraction of contracts concluded (through negotiation or otherwise) that were cancelled.

cancellation_rate

Fraction of contracts concluded (through negotiation or otherwise) that were cancelled.

cancelled_contracts

contract_dropping_fraction

Fraction of signed contracts that were never executed because they were signed to late to be executable

contract_err_fraction

Fraction of signed contracts that caused exception during their execution

contract_execution_fraction

Fraction of signed contracts successfully executed with no breaches, or errors

contract_nullification_fraction

Fraction of signed contracts were nullified by the system (e.g. due to bankruptcy)

current_step

erred_contracts

executed_contracts

id

The unique ID of this entity

log_folder

n_agent_exceptions

Returns a mapping from agent ID to the total number of exceptions it and its negotiators have raised

n_contract_exceptions

Returns a mapping from agent ID to the total number of exceptions it and its negotiators have raised

n_mechanism_exceptions

Returns a mapping from agent ID to the total number of exceptions it and its negotiators have raised

n_negotiation_rounds_failed

Average number of rounds in a successful negotiation

n_negotiation_rounds_successful

Average number of rounds in a successful negotiation

n_negotiator_exceptions

Returns a mapping from agent ID to the total number of exceptions its negotiators have raised

n_simulation_exceptions

Returns a mapping from agent ID to the total number of exceptions it and its negotiators have raised

n_total_agent_exceptions

Returns a mapping from agent ID to the total number of exceptions it and its negotiators have raised

n_total_simulation_exceptions

Returns the total number of exceptions per step that are not directly raised by agents or their negotiators.

Remarks:

• This property sums the totals of n_simulation_exceptions, n_contract_exceptions, and n_mechanism_exceptions

name

A convenient name of the entity (intended primarily for printing/logging/debugging).

nullified_contracts

relative_time

Returns a number between 0 and 1 indicating elapsed relative time or steps.

remaining_steps

Returns the remaining number of steps until the end of the mechanism run. None if unlimited

remaining_time

Returns remaining time in seconds. None if no time limit is given.

resolved_breaches

saved_breaches

saved_contracts

saved_negotiations

short_type_name

signed_contracts

stat_names

Returns names of all stats available

stats

time

Elapsed time since world started in seconds. 0.0 if the world did not start running

total_time

Returns total simulation time (till now) in mx

type_name

unresolved_breaches

uuid

The unique ID of this entity

Methods Documentation

action_info_cols()

Return type:

list[tuple[str, type]]

agreement_info_cols()

Return type:

list[tuple[str, type]]

announce(event)

Raises an event and informs all event sinks that are registered for notifications on this event type

append_stats()

abstract breach_record(breach)

Converts a breach to a record suitable for storage during the simulation

Return type:

dict[str, Any]

call(agent, method, *args, **kwargs)

Calls a method on an agent updating exeption count

Parameters:

• agent (TypeVar(TAgent, bound= Agent)) – The agent on which the method is to be called

• method (Callable) – The bound method (bound to the agent)

• *args – position arguments

• **kwargs – keyword arguments

Return type:

Any

Returns:

whatever method returns

checkpoint(path, file_name=None, info=None, exist_ok=False, single_checkpoint=True, step_attribs=('current_step', '_current_step', '_Entity__current_step', '_step'))

Saves a checkpoint of the current object at the given path.

Parameters:

• path (PathLike) – Full path to a directory to store the checkpoint

• file_name (str | None) – Name of the file to dump into. If not given, a unique name is created

• info (dict[str, Any] | None) – Information to save with the checkpoint (must be json serializable)

• exist_ok (bool) – If true, override existing dump

• single_checkpoint (bool) – If true, keep a single checkpoint for the last step

• step_attribs (tuple[str, ...]) – Attributes to represent the time-step of the object. Any of the given attributes will be used in the file name generated if single_checkpoint is False. If single_checkpoint is True, the filename will not contain time-step information

Return type:

Path

Returns:

full path to the file used to save the checkpoint

checkpoint_final_step()

Should be called at the end of the simulation to save the final state

Return type:

Path | None

Remarks:

• Should be called after all processing of the final step is conducted.

classmethod checkpoint_info(file_name)

Returns the information associated with a dump of the object saved in the given file

Parameters:

file_name (Path | str) – Name of the object

Return type:

dict[str, Any]

Returns:

checkpoint_init(step_attrib='current_step', every=1, folder=None, filename=None, info=None, exist_ok=True, single=True)

Initializes the object to automatically save a checkpoint

Parameters:

• step_attrib (str) – The attribute that defines the current step. If None, there is no step concept

• every (int) – Number of steps per checkpoint. If < 1 no checkpoints will be saved

• folder (PathLike | Path | str | None) – The directory to store checkpoints under

• filename (str | None) – Name of the file to save the checkpoint under. If None, a unique name will be chosen. If single_checkpoint was False, then multiple files will be used prefixed with the step number

• info (dict[str, Any] | None) – Any extra information to save in the json file associated with each checkpoint

• exist_ok (bool) – Override existing files if any

• single (bool) – If True, only the most recent checkpoint will be kept

Remarks:

• single_checkpoint implies exist_ok

checkpoint_on_step_started()

Should be called on every step to save checkpoints as needed.

Return type:

Path | None

Returns:

The path on which the checkpoint is stored if one is stored. None otherwise.

Remarks:

• Should be called at the BEGINNING of every step before any processing takes place

static combine_stats(worlds, stat, pertype=False, method=<function mean>, n_steps=None)

Combines statistics by the given combination method.

Parameters:

• worlds (tuple[World, ...] | World) – The worlds to combine stats from

• stat (str) – The statistic to combine

• pertype – combine agent-statistics per type

• method – plot sum for type statistics instead of mean

• n_steps (int | None) – If not given, then absolute step number will be used for combining stats, otherwise all stats will be resampled to be n_steps before being combined. If a negative number, then the maximum number of steps in all worlds will be used

abstract complete_contract_execution(contract, breaches, resolution)

Called after breach resolution is completed for contracts for which some potential breaches occurred.

Parameters:

• contract (Contract) – The contract considered.

• breaches (list[Breach]) – The list of potential breaches that was generated by _execute_contract.

• resolution (Contract) – The agreed upon resolution

Return type:

None

Returns:

abstract contract_record(contract)

Converts a contract to a record suitable for permanent storage

Return type:

dict[str, Any]

abstract contract_size(contract)

Returns an estimation of the activity level associated with this contract. Higher is better :type contract: Contract :param contract:

Returns:

Return type:

float

classmethod create(*args, **kwargs)

Creates an object and returns a proxy to it.

abstract delete_executed_contracts()

Called after processing executable contracts at every simulation step to delete processed contracts

Return type:

None

draw(steps=None, what=['negotiation-requests-rejected', 'negotiation-requests-accepted', 'negotiations-rejected', 'negotiations-started', 'negotiations-failed', 'contracts-concluded', 'contracts-cancelled', 'contracts-signed', 'contracts-breached', 'contracts-executed'], who=None, where=None, together=True, axs=None, ncols=4, figsize=(15, 15), show_node_labels=True, show_edge_labels=True, **kwargs)

Generates a graph showing some aspect of the simulation

Parameters:

• steps (tuple[int, int] | int | None) – The step/steps to generate the graphs for. If a tuple is given all edges within the given range (inclusive beginning, exclusive end) will be accomulated

• what (Collection[str]) – The edges to have on the graph. Options are: negotiations, concluded, signed, executed

• who (Optional[Callable[[TypeVar(TAgent, bound= Agent)], bool]]) – Either a callable that receives an agent and returns True if it is to be shown or None for all

• where (Optional[Callable[[TypeVar(TAgent, bound= Agent)], int | tuple[float, float]]]) – A callable that returns for each agent the position it showed by drawn at either as an integer specifying the column in which to draw the column or a tuple of two floats specifying the position within the drawing area of the agent. If None, the default Networkx layout will be used.

• together (bool) – IF specified all edge types are put in the same graph.

• axs (Optional[Collection[Axes]]) – The axes used for drawing. If together is true, it should be a single Axes object otherwise it should be a list of Axes objects with the same length as what.

• show_node_labels – show node labels!

• show_edge_labels – show edge labels!

• kwargs – passed to networx.draw_networkx

Return type:

tuple[Axes, Graph] | tuple[Axes, list[Graph]]

Returns:

A networkx graph representing the world if together==True else a list of graphs one for each item in what

abstract executable_contracts()

Called at every time-step to get the contracts that are executable at this point of the simulation

Return type:

Collection[Contract]

abstract execute_action(action, agent, callback=None)

Executes the given action by the given agent

Return type:

bool

extra_agent_info(agent)

Return type:

dict[str, Any]

extra_neg_info(info)

Return type:

dict[str, Any]

extra_sim_step_info_post()

Return type:

dict[str, Any]

extra_sim_step_info_pre()

Return type:

dict[str, Any]

extract_action_info(action)

Return type:

list[Any]

extract_agreement_info(agreement)

Return type:

list[Any]

classmethod from_checkpoint(file_name, return_info=False)

Creates an object from a saved checkpoint

Parameters:

• file_name (Path | str)

• return_info (bool) – If True, tbe information saved when the file was dumped are returned

Return type:

NamedObject | tuple[NamedObject, dict[str, Any]]

Returns:

Either the object or the object and dump-info as a dict (if return_info was true)

Remarks:

• If info is returned, it is guaranteed to have the following members:

  • time: Dump time

  • type: Type of the dumped object

  • id: ID

  • name: name

classmethod from_config(config, section=None, ignore_children=True, try_parsing_children=True, scope=None)

Creates an object of this class given the configuration info.

Parameters:

• config (str | dict) – Either a file name or a dictionary

• section (str | None) – A section in the file or a key in the dictionary to use for loading params

• ignore_children (bool) – If true then children will be ignored and there will be a single return

• try_parsing_children (bool) – If true the children will first be parsed as ConfigReader classes if they are not

• int (simple types (e.g.)

• str

• float

• Iterable[int|str|float]

• scope – The scope at which to evaluate any child classes. This MUST be passed as scope=globals() if you are

• parsed. (having any children that are to be)

Returns:

An object of cls if ignore_children is True or a tuple with an object of cls and a dictionary with children that were not parsed.

Remarks:

• This function will return an object of its class after passing the key-value pairs found in the config to the init function.

• Requiring passing scope=globals() to this function is to get around the fact that in python eval() will be called with a globals dictionary based on the module in which the function is defined not called. This means that in general when eval() is called to create the children, it will not have access to the class definitions of these children (except if they happen to be imported in this file). To avoid this problem causing an undefined_name exception, the caller must pass her globals() as the scope.

get_dropped_contracts()

Called at the end of every time-step to get a list of the contracts that are signed but will never be executed

Return type:

Collection[Contract]

abstract get_private_state(agent)

Reads the private state of the given agent

Return type:

dict

graph(steps=None, what=['negotiation-requests-rejected', 'negotiation-requests-accepted', 'negotiations-rejected', 'negotiations-started', 'negotiations-failed', 'negotiations-succeeded', 'contracts-concluded', 'contracts-cancelled', 'contracts-signed', 'contracts-nullified', 'contracts-erred', 'contracts-breached', 'contracts-executed'], who=None, together=True)

Generates a graph showing some aspect of the simulation

Parameters:

• steps (tuple[int, int] | int | None) – The step/steps to generate the graphs for. If a tuple is given all edges within the given range (inclusive beginning, exclusive end) will be accumulated

• what (list[str] | tuple[str, ...]) – The edges to have on the graph. Options are: negotiations, concluded, signed, executed

• who (Optional[Callable[[TypeVar(TAgent, bound= Agent)], bool]]) – Either a callable that receives an agent and returns True if it is to be shown or None for all

• together (bool) – IF specified all edge types are put in the same graph.

Return type:

Graph | list[Graph]

Returns:

A networkx graph representing the world if together==True else a list of graphs one for each item in what

ignore_contract(contract, as_dropped=False)

Ignores the contract as if it was never agreed upon or as if was dropped

Parameters:

• contract – The contract to ignore

• as_dropped – If true, the contract is treated as a dropped invalid contract, otherwise it is treated as if it never happened.

classmethod is_basic_stat(s)

Checks whether a given statistic is agent specific.

Return type:

bool

is_valid_agreement(negotiation, agreement, mechanism)

Confirms that the agreement is valid given the world rules.

Parameters:

• negotiation (NegotiationInfo) – The NegotiationInfo that led to the agreement

• agreement (tuple) – The agreement

• mechanism (Mechanism) – The mechanism that led to the agreement

Return type:

bool

Returns:

Returns True for valid agreements and False for invalid agreements

Remarks:

• This test is conducted before the agents are asked to sign the corresponding contract

• Invalid agreements will be treated as never happened and agents will not be asked to sign it

is_valid_contract(contract)

Confirms that the agreement is valid given the world rules.

Parameters:

contract (Contract) – The contract being tested

Return type:

bool

Returns:

Returns True for valid contracts and False for invalid contracts

Remarks:

• This test will be conducted after agents are asked to sign the contract and only for signed contracts.

• If False is returned, the contract will considered unsigned and will be recorded as a concluded but not signed contract with no rejectors

join(x, simulation_priority=0, **kwargs)

Add an agent to the world.

Parameters:

• x (TypeVar(TAgent, bound= Agent)) – The agent to be registered

• simulation_priority (int) – The simulation priority. Entities with lower pprioritieswill be stepped first during

• kwargs – Any key-value pairs specifying attributes of the agent. NegMAS internally uses the attribute ‘color’ when drawing the agent in draw

Returns:

logdebug(s, event=None)

logs debug-level information

Parameters:

• s (str) – The string to log

• event (Event) – The event to announce after logging

Return type:

None

logdebug_agent(aid, s, event=None)

logs debug to the agent individual log

Parameters:

• s (str) – The string to log

• event (Event) – The event to announce after logging

Return type:

None

logerror(s, event=None)

logs error-level information

Parameters:

• s (str) – The string to log

• event (Event) – The event to announce after logging

Return type:

None

logerror_agent(aid, s, event=None)

logs information to the agent individual log

Parameters:

• s (str) – The string to log

• event (Event) – The event to announce after logging

Return type:

None

loginfo(s, event=None)

logs info-level information

Parameters:

• s (str) – The string to log

• event (Event) – The event to announce after logging

Return type:

None

loginfo_agent(aid, s, event=None)

logs information to the agent individual log

Parameters:

• s (str) – The string to log

• event (Event) – The event to announce after logging

Return type:

None

logwarning(s, event=None)

logs warning-level information

Parameters:

• s (str) – The string to log

• event (Event) – The event to announce after logging

Return type:

None

logwarning_agent(aid, s, event=None)

logs warning to the agent individual log

Parameters:

• s (str) – The string to log

• event (Event) – The event to announce after logging

Return type:

None

n_saved_contracts(ignore_no_issue=True)

Number of saved contracts

Parameters:

ignore_no_issue (bool) – If true, only contracts resulting from negotiation (has some issues) will be counted

Return type:

int

on_contract_cancelled(contract)

Called whenever a concluded contract is not signed (cancelled)

Parameters:

contract – The contract to add

Remarks:

• By default this function just adds the contract to the set of contracts maintaned by the world.

• You should ALWAYS call this function when overriding it.

on_contract_concluded(contract, to_be_signed_at)

Called to add a contract to the existing set of unsigned contract after it is concluded

Parameters:

• contract (Contract) – The contract to add

• to_be_signed_at (int) – The timestep at which the contract is to be signed

Return type:

None

Remarks:

• By default this function just adds the contract to the set of contracts maintaned by the world.

• You should ALWAYS call this function when overriding it.

on_contract_processed(contract)

Called whenever a contract finished processing to be removed from unsigned contracts

Parameters:

contract – Contract

Remarks:

• called by on_contract_cancelled and on_contract_signed

on_contract_signed(contract)

Called to add a contract to the existing set of contract after it is signed

Parameters:

contract (Contract) – The contract to add

Return type:

bool

Returns:

True if everything went OK and False otherwise

Remarks:

• By default this function just adds the contract to the set of contracts maintaned by the world.

• You should ALWAYS call this function when overriding it.

on_event(event, sender)

Received when an event is raised

on_exception(entity, e)

Called when an exception happens.

Parameters:

• entity (Entity) – The entity that caused the exception

• e (Exception) – The exception

Return type:

None

on_negotiation_end(info)

on_negotiation_processed(info, contract)

Called whenever a negotiation is ended after calling on_negotiation_failure_/on_negotiation_success_

Remarks:

If contract is None, the negotiation ended in failure otherwise it ended in success.

on_negotiation_start(info)

on_negotiation_stepped(info)

abstract order_contracts_for_execution(contracts)

Orders the contracts in a specific time-step that are about to be executed

Return type:

Collection[Contract]

classmethod plot_combined_stats(worlds, stats, n_steps=-1, pertype=False, use_sum=False, makefig=False, title=True, ylabel=False, xlabel=False, legend=True, figsize=None, ylegend=2.0, legend_ncols=8)

Plots combined statistics of multiple worlds in a single plot

Parameters:

• stats (str | tuple[str, ...]) – The statistics to plot. If None, some selected stats will be displayed

• pertype – combine agent-statistics per type

• use_sum – plot sum for type statistics instead of mean

• title – If given a title will be added to each subplot

• ylabel – If given, the ylabel will be added to each subplot

• xlabel – If given The xlabel will be added (Simulation Step)

• legend – If given, a legend will be displayed

• makefig – If given a new figure will be started

• figsize – Size of the figure to host the plot

• ylegend – y-axis of legend for cases with large number of labels

• legend_n_cols – number of columns in the legend

plot_stats(stats, pertype=False, use_sum=False, makefig=False, title=True, ylabel=False, xlabel=False, legend=True, figsize=None, ylegend=2.0, legend_ncols=8)

Plots statistics of the world in a single plot

Parameters:

• stats (str | tuple[str, ...]) – The statistics to plot. If None, some selected stats will be displayed

• pertype – combine agent-statistics per type

• use_sum – plot sum for type statistics instead of mean

• title – If given a title will be added to each subplot

• ylabel – If given, the ylabel will be added to each subplot

• xlabel – If given The xlabel will be added (Simulation Step)

• legend – If given, a legend will be displayed

• makefig – If given a new figure will be started

• figsize – Size of the figure to host the plot

• ylegend – y-axis of legend for cases with large number of labels

• legend_n_cols – number of columns in the legend

post_step_stats()

Called at the end of the simulation step to update all stats

Kept for backward compatibility and will be dropped. Override update_stats ins

pre_step_stats()

Called at the beginning of the simulation step to prepare stats or update them

Kept for backward compatibility and will be dropped. Override update_stats instead

classmethod read_config(config, section=None)

Reads the configuration from a file or a dict and prepares it for parsing.

Parameters:

• config (str | dict) – Either a file name or a dictionary

• section (str | None) – A section in the file or a key in the dictionary to use for loading params

Return type:

dict[str, Any]

Returns:

A dict ready to be parsed by from_config

Remarks:

register(x, simulation_priority=0)

Registers an entity in the world so it can be looked up by name. Should not be called directly

Parameters:

• x (Entity) – The entity to be registered

• simulation_priority (int) – The simulation periority. Entities with lower periorities will be stepped first during

Returns:

register_listener(event_type, listener)

Registers a listener for the given event_type.

Parameters:

• event_type (str | None) – The type to register. If None, the listener will be registered for all types

• listener (EventSink) – The listening agent (must have an on_event method that receives an event: Event and a sender: EventSource)

register_stats_monitor(m)

register_world_monitor(m)

request_negotiation_about(req_id, caller, issues, partners, roles=None, annotation=None, mechanism_name=None, mechanism_params=None, group=None)

Requests to start a negotiation with some other agents

Parameters:

• req_id (str) – An ID For the request that is unique to the caller

• caller (TypeVar(TAgent, bound= Agent)) – The agent requesting the negotiation

• partners (list[Union[TypeVar(TAgent, bound= Agent), str]]) – A list of partners to participate in the negotiation. Note that the caller itself may not be in this list which makes it possible for an agent to request a negotaition that it does not participate in. If that is not to be allowed in some world, override this method and explicitly check for these kinds of negotiations and return False. If partners is passed as a single string/Agent or as a list containing a single string/Agent, then he caller will be added at the beginning of the list. This will only be done if roles was passed as None.

• issues (list[Issue]) – Negotiation issues

• annotation (dict[str, Any] | None) – Extra information to be passed to the partners when asking them to join the negotiation

• partners – A list of partners to participate in the negotiation

• roles (list[str] | None) – The roles of different partners. If None then each role for each partner will be None

• mechanism_name (str | None) – Name of the mechanism to use. It must be one of the mechanism_names that are supported by the

• None (must also be)

• my_role (then roles and)

• None

• mechanism_params (dict[str, Any] | None) – A dict of parameters used to initialize the mechanism object

• group (str | None) – An identifier for the group to which the negotiation belongs. This is not not used by the system.

Return type:

NegotiationInfo

Returns:

None. The caller will be informed by a callback function on_neg_request_accepted or on_neg_request_rejected about the status of the negotiation.

run()

Runs the simulation until it ends

run_negotiation(caller, issues, partners, negotiator, preferences=None, caller_role=None, roles=None, annotation=None, mechanism_name=None, mechanism_params=None)

Runs a negotiation until completion

Parameters:

• caller (TypeVar(TAgent, bound= Agent)) – The agent requesting the negotiation

• partners (list[Union[str, TypeVar(TAgent, bound= Agent)]]) – A list of partners to participate in the negotiation. Note that the caller itself may not be in this list which makes it possible for an agent to request a negotaition that it does not participate in. If that is not to be allowed in some world, override this method and explicitly check for these kinds of negotiations and return False. If partners is passed as a single string/Agent or as a list containing a single string/Agent, then he caller will be added at the beginning of the list. This will only be done if roles was passed as None.

• negotiator (Negotiator) – The negotiator to be used in the negotiation

• preferences (Preferences | None) – The utility function. Only needed if the negotiator does not already know it

• caller_role (str | None) – The role of the caller in the negotiation

• issues (list[Issue]) – Negotiation issues

• annotation (dict[str, Any] | None) – Extra information to be passed to the partners when asking them to join the negotiation

• partners – A list of partners to participate in the negotiation

• roles (list[str] | None) – The roles of different partners. If None then each role for each partner will be None

• mechanism_name (str | None) – Name of the mechanism to use. It must be one of the mechanism_names that are supported by the

• None (must also be)

• my_role (then roles and)

• None

• mechanism_params (dict[str, Any] | None) – A dict of parameters used to initialize the mechanism object

Return type:

tuple[Contract | None, NegotiatorMechanismInterface | None]

Returns:

A Tuple of a contract and the nmi of the mechanism used to get it in case of success. None otherwise

run_negotiations(caller, issues, partners, negotiators, preferences=None, caller_roles=None, roles=None, annotations=None, mechanism_names=None, mechanism_params=None, all_or_none=False)

Requests to run a set of negotiations simultaneously. Returns after all negotiations are run to completion

Parameters:

• caller (TypeVar(TAgent, bound= Agent)) – The agent requesting the negotiation

• partners (list[list[Union[str, TypeVar(TAgent, bound= Agent)]]]) – A list of list of partners to participate in the negotiation. Note that the caller itself may not be in this list which makes it possible for an agent to request a negotaition that it does not participate in. If that is not to be allowed in some world, override this method and explicitly check for these kinds of negotiations and return False. If partners[i] is passed as a single string/Agent or as a list containing a single string/Agent, then he caller will be added at the beginning of the list. This will only be done if roles was passed as None.

• issues (list[Issue] | list[list[Issue]]) – Negotiation issues

• negotiators (list[Negotiator]) – The negotiator to be used in the negotiation

• ufuns – The utility function. Only needed if the negotiator does not already know it

• caller_roles (list[str] | None) – The role of the caller in the negotiation

• annotations (list[dict[str, Any] | None] | None) – Extra information to be passed to the partners when asking them to join the negotiation

• partners – A list of partners to participate in the negotiation

• roles (list[list[str] | None] | None) – The roles of different partners. If None then each role for each partner will be None

• mechanism_names (str | list[str] | None) – Name of the mechanism to use. It must be one of the mechanism_names that are supported by the

• None (must also be)

• my_role (then roles and)

• None

• mechanism_params (dict[str, Any] | list[dict[str, Any]] | None) – A dict of parameters used to initialize the mechanism object

• all_of_none – If True, ALL partners must agree to negotiate to go through.

Returns:

contract (None for failure) and nmi (The mechanism info [None if the partner refused the negotiation])

Return type:

A list of tuples each with two values

run_with_progress(callback=None)

Runs the simulation showing progress, with optional callback

Return type:

None

save_config(file_name)

Saves the config of the world as a yaml file

Parameters:

file_name (str) – Name of file to save the config to

Returns:

save_gif(path=None, what=['negotiation-requests-rejected', 'negotiation-requests-accepted', 'negotiations-rejected', 'negotiations-started', 'negotiations-failed', 'negotiations-succeeded', 'contracts-concluded', 'contracts-cancelled', 'contracts-signed', 'contracts-nullified', 'contracts-erred', 'contracts-breached', 'contracts-executed'], who=None, together=True, draw_every=1, fps=5)

Return type:

None

set_bulletin_board(bulletin_board)

set_id(id)

Sets the unique ID of this entity

abstract simulation_step(stage=0)

A single step of the simulation.

Parameters:

stage (int) – How many times so far was this method called within the current simulation step

Remarks:

• Using the stage parameter, it is possible to have Operations . SimulationStep several times with the list of operations while differentiating between these calls.

classmethod spawn(spawn_as='object', spawn_params=None, *args, **kwargs)

classmethod spawn_object(*args, **kwargs)

abstract start_contract_execution(contract)

Tries to execute the contract

Parameters:

contract (Contract)

Returns:

The set of breaches committed if any. If there are no breaches return an empty set

Return type:

Set[Breach]

Remarks:

• You must call super() implementation of this method before doing anything

• It is possible to return None which indicates that the contract was nullified (i.e. not executed due to a reason other than an execution exeception).

step(n_neg_steps=None, n_mechanisms=None, actions=None, neg_actions=None)

A single simulation step.

Parameters:

• n_mechanisms (int | None) – Number of mechanisms to step (None for all)

• n_neg_steps (int | None) – Number of steps for every mechanism (None to complete one simulation step)

• actions (dict[str, Any] | None) – Mapping of agent IDs to their actions. The agent will be asked to act only if this is not given

• neg_actions (dict[str, dict[str, MechanismAction | None]] | None) – Mapping of mechanism IDs to a negotiator action. Negotiators will be called upon to act only if no action is passed here. This is a dict with keys corresponding to mechanism IDs and values corresponding to a dict mapping a negotiator (key) to its action (value)

Return type:

bool

Remarks:

• We have two modes of operation depending on n_neg_steps

  1. n_neg_steps is None will run a single complete simulation step every call

     including all negotiations and everything before and after them.

  2. n_neg_steps is an integer will step the simulation so that the given number

     of simulation steps are executed every call. The simulator will run operations before and after negotiations appropriately.

• We have two modes of operation depending on n_mechanisms

  1. n_mechanisms is None will step all negotiations according to n_neg_steps

  2. n_mechanisms is an integer and n_neg_steps will step this number of

     mechanisms in parallel every call to step.

• We have a total of four modes:

  1. n_neg_steps and n_mechanisms are both None: Each call to step corresponds

     to one simulation step from start to end.

  2. n_neg_steps and n_mechanisms are both integers: Each call to step steps n_mechanisms mechanisms by n_neg_steps steps.

  3. n_neg_steps is None and n_mechanisms is an integer: Each call to step runs n_mechanisms according to negotiation_speed

  4. n_neg_steps is an integer and n_mechanisms is None: Each call to step steps all mechanisms n_neg_steps steps.

• Never mix calls with n_neg_steps equaling None and an integer.

• Never call this method again on a world if it ever returned False on that world.

type_name_for_logs(agent)

Return type:

str | None

unregister_stats_monitor(m)

unregister_world_monitor(m)

update_stats(stage)

Called to update any custom stats that the world designer wants to keep

Parameters:

stage (int) – How many times was this method called during this stage

Remarks:

• Default behavior is: - If Operations . StatsUpdate appears once in operations, it calls post_step_stats once - Otherwise: it calls pre_step_stats for stage 0, and post_step_stats for any other stage.